Mild ultrasound-assisted alkali de-esterification modified pectins: Characterization and structure-activity relationships in immunomodulatory effects
文献类型： 外文期刊
作者： Guo, Huan 1 ; Li, Dong 1 ; Miao, Baohe 4 ; Feng, Kanglin 5 ; Chen, Guijing 6 ; Gan, Renyou 7 ; Kang, Zhiliang 8 ; Gao, Hong 1 ;
作者机构： 1.Sichuan Univ, Coll Biomass Sci & Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China
2.Sichuan Univ, Hlth Food Evaluat Res Ctr, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China
3.Moutai Inst, Dept Food Sci & Engn, Renhuai 564502, Peoples R China
4.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Urban Agr, Natl Agr Sci & Technol Ctr, Chengdu 610213, Peoples R China
5.Sichuan Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Prod Proc, Fruit & Vegetable Storage & Proc Res Ctr, Chengdu 610066, Peoples R China
6.Sichuan Univ Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Inst Disaster Management & Reconstruct, Chengdu 610200, Peoples R China
7.Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
8.Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yaan 625014, Sichuan, Peoples R China
关键词： Apple pectin; Esterification degree; Gut microbiota; Immunomodulatory activity; Structure-activity relationship
期刊名称：ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY （ 影响因子：9.7； 五年影响因子：9.1 ）
ISSN： 1350-4177
年卷期： 2025 年 112 卷
页码：
收录情况： SCI
摘要： Apple pectin (AP), a well-established dietary fiber, offers significant health benefits, particularly in immunomodulation. However, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) in this context remains poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of varying degrees of esterification (DE) on AP's SAR in immunomodulatory activity. AP-Es (AP-E1, AP-E2, AP-E3) with different DE were prepared using mild ultrasound-assisted alkali deesterification, followed by SAR analysis. Results revealed that AP-E3, with the lowest DE (5.08 f 0.22 %), demonstrated a significant reduction in homogalacturonan (HG) domains and a corresponding increase in rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) domains, which coincided with enhanced immunomodulatory effects. The molecular weights of AP-E1, AP-E2, and AP-E3 were determined to be 30.94 f 0.83 kDa, 27.61 f 0.65 kDa, and 22.17 f 0.57 kDa, respectively. To further explore the underlying mechanism, transgenic zebrafish with fluorescent macrophages were utilized. A positive correlation was observed between AP-E3 concentration and the number of fluorescent microspheres engulfed by macrophages. Additionally, AP-E3 significantly upregulated the expression of key immune response genes (tnf-alpha, il-1 beta, il-6, cox-2, inos, and nf-kappa b) and restored the gut microbiota composition and abundance in chloramphenicol-induced immunocompromised zebrafish. Metabolomics analysis revealed that AP-E3 effectively restored metabolic homeostasis by activating multiple signaling pathways associated with signal transduction, immune regulation, and metabolism. These findings highlight the potential of low-esterified AP enriched with RG-I domains as a promising candidate for applications in immune modulation and gut health management.
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